高一英語:上學期期末復習知識要點2
ruin則表示破壞嚴重,以致不能修復,但這種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅某物,而是強調致使該物的使用價值發(fā)生了問題。用作動詞時,它作 “使毀滅”、 “使崩潰”,“弄糟”解;用作名詞時,它表示 “毀滅”, “瓦解”,“廢墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法
8. injure: 身體上, 肉體上，損害健康，成就，容貌的傷害
hurt : 使身體部位,精神上，感情受到傷害,造成損失
wound: 刀,子彈,名聲等的傷害 ，戰(zhàn)場上受傷
harm: 肉體或精神上的傷害，有時可指引起不安或不便，還可用于抽象事物(尤指不道德的事情)
9. be shocked be trapped in
10. wonder : v. in wonder
wonder to do sth. / w- to do sth. /at / about n.奇跡, 驚奇, 驚愕
It is no wonder (that)= No wonder (that) 難怪…
11. All hope was not lost.
all…not …= not all…, some…but not all(表示部分否定)
all, both, each, every + not
All of their answers were not right. = not all of their answers are right.
12. dig out
13. bury vt bury oneself in= be buried in devote oneself to= be devoted to
14.congratulation n.祝詞, 賀辭 常用復數 + on congratulate sb. on sth.
15. Judging from/ by = to judge by 由……判斷之
Generally speaking Strictly speaking Frankly speaking
16. honor n.尊敬, 敬意, 榮譽, 光榮 vt.尊敬, 給以榮譽
in honor of sb./sth. in one’s honour 為了紀念/尊敬……
17.Prepare sth / to do sth./ sb to do sth. / for 準備, 預備,
be/get prepared for in preparation for
Module 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela – a modern hero
1.ask for 要求得到 ask for sb. 找某人，要求見某人
2. be willing to do sth 樂意(自愿)做, 心甘情愿做
3. be active in 積極參加
4. lose heart 喪失信心 lose one’s heart 愛上某人
5. in trouble 處于不幸中，有麻煩，在監(jiān)禁中
6. die for 為……而死 die for 也意為“渴望，切望”(只用于進行時態(tài))
7. fight (fought, fought)
fight for 為……而戰(zhàn) fight with + 人,國家 與…并肩作戰(zhàn)
fight against + 事物n. 為反對……作斗爭
fight against + 人,國家 和(同)…斗爭 =fight with
8. believe in sb. 信任某人 believe sb= believe what sb says. 相信某人的話
9. be free from擺脫(不好的東西)的，無……的
10. be in prison. 在獄中，被監(jiān)禁
put…in prison = send/take…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入監(jiān)獄
11. The time when I first met …… was a very difficult period of my life.
This was a time when one had got to ….
12. advise sth
(one’s) doing sth.
sb.to do sth.建議某人干advise sb.not to do sth=advise sb.against doing sth.
sb on sth. 就……給某人出主意
that clause sb (should) do
advice (n.) a piece of advice take sb’s advice 接受某人的勸告
ask for advice on… give sb.(some) advice on. 給某人建議
13. be +距離/時間+ away 有……遠
14. continue to do /doing sth
15. fee 付給醫(yī)生，律師，學校的費用，考試，俱樂部，入場卷收取的費用。
fare (交通工具的)票價
reward 報酬，獎金 vt. 酬謝，給以報答 in reward 作為報酬
16. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.= after I tried hard….
17. be worried about =worry about 擔心
18. out of work=lose one’s job 失業(yè) (反)be in work
19. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights …
See表示“見證，目睹”;(在某段時期)發(fā)生…,經歷,經受，主語為時間或物
The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people.
20. vote 投票，參加選舉，強調其過程
choose選擇,指從眾多事物中挑選 選舉， elect強調選舉結果
21.He has got himself into a dangerous situation where (in which) he is likely to lose control over the plan.
22. accept 主觀接受 receive客觀收到
23. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
only then 此處引起倒裝句，當only修飾狀語位于句首時，句子采用部分倒裝
only 修飾主語時，句子不倒裝。
24. as a matter of fact= in fact事實上
25. blow up 使充氣，爆炸 blow off 吹掉，吹走
blow down 吹倒 blow out 吹滅
26. be equal to 等于，相當于
27.imagine +n. / doing sth. /sb.+doing / that… n. imagination
28. escape from sp. 逃脫, 避開, 溜走 escape doing sth. 避免
29. in one way = in a way (M2 Unit 3) = in some ways
all the way 一直，一路上 by the way 順便一提
in this way 以這種方式 in the way 妨礙 擋路
on one’s/the way 在途中 in no way 絕不 No way!門兒都沒有!
lose one’s way 迷路 lead the way 帶頭， 領先
30. He taught us during the…… when we should have been asleep.
should do應該做,一般指現(xiàn)在或將來的動作，指過去的動作時應站在過去的角度。
should have done 表示本應該做而沒有做的.站在現(xiàn)在的角度上評說過去的事情。
asleep 是表語形容詞，意為“睡著的”。 sleep 是動詞或名詞，意為“睡覺”。
sleepy 是形容詞，意為“打盹的”
31. As they were not cleverer than me, but did pass their exam….
“did pass” 為強調結構，強調謂語動詞時，在動詞原行前加do, does, did.
eg. Do be careful! He does speak English well!
I do hope you have a merry Christmas!
32. come to power = come into power 執(zhí)政, 當權，上臺 in power 當權，執(zhí)政
33. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
every time，每次…就…immediately，the moment/ minute /instant=as soon as ,
next time下次…..時,等起從屬連詞的作用，引導時間狀語從句。
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
Next time he comes, he asks me for some money.
34. set up set out to do sth = set about doing sth. 著手做某事
35. be sentenced to
36. terror n. 恐怖，可怕的人或事 fear n. &vt. 恐懼，可怕
fear + n./to do /that… for fear of … for fear that… 擔心 惟恐
37.beat n. 敲擊，跳動 beating n. 打、輸
Module 2 Unit 1 Cultural relics
1. survive vt &vi 幸存 survivor (n.) 幸存者 survival (n.) 幸存
2. remain (1) vi. 留下, 遺留
(2) link-verb. 后接 n. adj. / 介詞短語 / 表位置的adv.
3. the rest 作主語時, 根據指帶對象不同,可能是單數,也可能是復數.
4.look into 調查
5. state 狀態(tài), 可數名詞; condition 條件, 復數形式表 “環(huán)境, 狀況”;
situation 指處境, 局勢。 state側重于政權 country側重于疆土 nation側重于民族
6.belong to 不用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)
7.情態(tài)動詞 + have done 表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測、批評、反悔等意。
can’t/ couldn’t have done不可能做過
could have done 可能做過;本來可以做(卻未做)
might have done 或許做過;本來或許會做
may have done 或許做過
would have done 本來要做(卻未做)
must have done 肯定已做過(表推測)
needn’t have done 本來沒必要做(卻已做)
should(n’t) / ought (n’t) have done 本來(不)應該做(卻做了)
8. gift 禮物; 天賦 have a gift for sth. gifted (adj.) 有天賦的
9. be used to do sth. 被用來做……
be used to doing 習慣于做某事(表狀態(tài))
used to(do) 過去常常做某事，(現(xiàn)在不了)
get used to 表示由不習慣到習慣的變化
be used to +n./doing 表示已經習慣或已形成的狀態(tài)
否定：didn't’t use to/ usedn’t to/ used not to
一般疑問：Did… use to…?/ Used … to…?
10. Although it feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when (it is) heated.
11. Once it is heated, the amber can be made into any shape.
12. The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days.
“be + of + 名詞(詞組)” , 表示主語的某種形狀、特性或特征。
of great importance=important of interest=interesting
of use=useful of help=helpful of value=valuable
be of + size/ length/ height/ depth be of the same size
fancy + that-/one’s doing sth / sb to be…/ sb as /sth /doing sth.
13. be made into 被制成 be made up of 由……組成/構成
be made of 由……制成(能看出原材料)
be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料)
be made in產于，生產于(某地/某時)
14. in return. 回報,作為報酬 in turn 輪流地,依次; 反過來
by turns 輪流地,時而…時而…
15..serve as 擔任，充當 act as work as 以…(的身份)工作， 當…
He serve as a waiter there
16. In 1770, the room was completed (the way(that/ in which/ 不填) she wanted it.
“the way”后跟定語從句，在從句中作方式狀語, the way的用法與連詞相同,
I still remember the way that ( in which, / )she did it.
I liked the way that / in which she organized the meeting.
當way前面有adj.作定語時， 其前不省略in
He always writes in a careless way.
17. 介詞+名詞 (表狀態(tài))
at war/work/home/table on show/duty/sale/holiday/fire/watch
in trouble/danger/battle/doubt under repair/discussion/construction建設
18. a piece of / a set of furniture.
19. There’s no doubt that… (肯定句)doubt whether /if
There’s no need to do / for sth / sb There’s no possibility that…
There’s no doubt of / about +n. There’s no doubt about his honesty.
20. missing: “丟失的, 缺少的”, 強調不在場;
lost: 過去分詞, “失去的, 喪失的”
gone: 過去分詞, “過去的,不在的,丟了”,常作表語和補語。
21 take apart 拆開 tell … apart
They look almost the same, it’s hard to tell them apart.
22. consider sth./ doing / that clause考慮，認為 considering 就…而言
consider…as = consider…. to be
consider …. to have done ------
be consider to have done He is considered to have stole the picture.
23. prove
這三種結構都可以是prove作實義動詞用法。
1)prove+n.(作賓語)，意“證明某事”，如：
The scientist finally proved the fact.那位科學家最終證實了那個事實。
2)prove+that賓語從句
The fact proved that his statement was true. 事實證明他的說法是正確的。
3)prove+賓語+(to be)…(作賓補)
He proved himself (to be) honest.他證明自己誠實。
另外，prove還可作系動詞，后接(to be)+名詞/形容詞，構成系表結構，意“結果是…，證明是”，沒有被動語態(tài)。 The book proved (to be) interesting.
24. pretend sth/ to do /that-clause/ to be doing 假裝
25. think highly /much / well of 看重，器重
think little / nothing / badly / ill / poorly of 輕視，不重視
26. Nor do I think they should give it to any government.
Nor could slaves or women. (M2 unit2)
Module 2 Unit 2 The Olympic Games
1. compete: (vt) take part in a race, contest, exam, etc.
(1) compete in 在…中比賽/競爭
(2) compete against / with… 與…競爭/比賽
(3) compete for 為…而競爭/比賽
competitor 競爭者 competition 競爭,比賽 competitive (adj) 競爭性的,比賽性的
2 .take part in (正式) + 運動/ 罷工/ 運動會/ 戰(zhàn)爭/游戲/ 試驗/ 談話等
join (非正式)+ 團體, 活動成為一員+ 參軍/ 入黨/ 入團
join in (正在進行的活動, 有時=take part in )
attend (= be present at 出席)
3. host做東, 主辦 hold 舉行, 召開
4. On a journey 在進行旅行 on business 在出差
journey 較長時間或教長距離的旅行，“行程，旅程”
travel 泛指一切旅游
trip 一般指往返的旅行，尤其指娛樂性的短途旅游。
tour 指考察、觀光等巡回各地的旅行，也指短途旅游。
5 .magical adj. 不可思議的=unbelievable magic (n.) magician (人)
magically adv.
6. interview n/ v interviewee (被采訪者) interviewer 采訪者
Make an interview Have an interview with sb. interview sb.
a job interview 求職面試 a television interview 電視采訪
7.time “時代，時期”， 單復數均可
all the time 一直，始終 at all times 無論何時，一直
at one time曾經，一度 at times 有時，不時
from time to time 有時，不時 in no time 立刻，馬上
ahead of time 提早(前) at a time 每次，一次
in time及時 on time 準時 at times =sometimes有時
at the same time
sometime 某時 some time 一段時間 some times幾次
(責任編輯：康彥林)
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