高一英語:期末考試必背知識點English around the world
核心單詞
1. command
n. & vt. 命令;指令;掌握
The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.
那名軍官命令士兵們開火。
A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.
將軍是統率眾多士兵的人。
常用結構：
at/ by sb’s command 聽某人支配
take command of 控制
in command of 指揮著
under one’s command 由某人的指揮
under the command of sb. 在某人的指揮下
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command (=order) that ... 命令……(從句用虛擬語氣，即should+ do 形式，should可省略)
聯想拓展
commander n. 指揮官
高手過招
用適當的介詞填空(原創)
①For the first time in years, she felt she was command
of her life.
②The army is the king’s direct command.
③The police arrived and took command the situation.
①in ②under/at/by ③of
2. request
vt.&n. 請求;懇求;要求
常用結構：
request sb. to do sth.請求某人做某事
request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物
request that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事
make a request/requests 發出請求
at the request of sb.=at sb.’s request依照某人的請求
易混辨析
request/demand/require
request表示“有禮貌的請求;正式的請求”。
demand表示“有正當權利的要求”，因此含有“堅決或強烈要求”的意思。
require表示“要求所必須的東西;法律、協定、規章以及其他客觀情況的要求”。
但它們也有不同之處：
①require和request都可以接賓語+to do sth.結構，而demand沒有此種用法。但可以說demand of sb. to do sth.
②require+動名詞時，主動形式的動名詞具有被動意義，而demand，request無此種用法。
They are demanding higher wages. 他們要求提高工資。
Do you require anything else? 你還要求(需要)別的嗎?
Many people have requested this next song.
許多人要求聽下面這首歌。
They required me to keep silent. 他們要求我保持沉默。
The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks.
這封信要求我們六周內搬出這所房子。
溫馨提示
以上三個詞的共同點是：從語法上看，request和demand，require都可以接that引導的賓語從句，并且在從句中要使用虛擬語氣。
高手過招
單項填空
①One of the requirements for a fire is that the material to its burning temperature.
A. be heated B. is heated
C. would be heated D. do heat
②—Why were you late for such an important concert?
—The plane arrived at the airport after a of three hours. (2010·陜西商洛一輪檢測)
A. delay B. rest C. tour D. request
①解析：選A。如同require, demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等動詞要求其后面的賓語從句使用虛擬語氣一樣，它們所對應的名詞的同位語從句和表語從句也要求使用虛擬語氣，即：should+動詞原形。故選A。
②解析：選A。上句詢問“遲到的原因”，因此下句中的名詞應是與“遲到”意義有關的名詞，所以只能選擇“延誤”。
3. recognize
vt. 辨認出;承認;公認
常用結構：
recognize sb. 認出某人
recognize one’s voice聽出某人的聲音
recognize ... as ... 認定;承認……為……
recognize sb./sth. ... to be ...認為某人/某事物是……
recognize that ...承認……
When he walked out of the station, I recognized him immediately.
當他從車站里走出來時，我立刻認出了他。
Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承認他為合法繼承人。
高手過招
單項填空
—Oh, it’s you! I you.
—I have just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. hadn’t recognized B. haven’t recognized
C. didn’t recognize D. don’t recognize
解析：選C。前句的句意為：哦，是你呀!我剛才沒有認出你來。
所以要用一般過去時。
4. direction
n. [C] 方向;方面;[U]指導;指揮
常用結構：
in the direction of 朝……的方向(=towards)
in sb’s direction 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)
under one’s direction 在……指導下(=under the direction of sb.)
Tom went off in one direction and Jack in another.
湯姆往一個方向走，杰克往另外一個方向走。
Reforms are needed in many directions. 許多方面都需要改革。
He is walking in the direction of the police station.
他正朝警察局的方向走去。
He glanced in her direction and their eyes met.
他朝她這個方向一看，倆人的眼睛相遇了。
The singing group is under the direction of Mr Lee.
合唱團由李先生指揮。
溫馨提示
direction意為“指示;指引;用法說明”等，通常要用復數形式。
注意：表示郵件上的“姓名地址”時，也用復數形式。
Follow the directions on the medicine bottle.
請按藥瓶上的說明服藥。
高手過招
(1)單項填空
Those who learn theory must develop the direction of practice.
A. to B. on C. in D. for
(2)完成句子 (原創)
①I gave Mary full (地址)to enable her to find the post office.
②He did the work (在我的指導下).
(1)解析：選C。in the direction of為固定搭配，意為“朝……方向”。注意不要用介詞to。
(2)①directions ②under my direction
重點短語
5. more than one
意為“不止一個”，雖然在意義上表示復數，但作主語或修飾主語時，謂語動詞用單數，與many a(許多)用法一樣;如果more修飾復數可數名詞再跟than one作主語時，其謂語動詞則要用復數。
More than one member has protested against the proposal.
不止一個成員反對這個建議。
More than one person has been concerned in this.
這里面涉及的不僅是一個人。
More persons than one have been involved.
涉及的不僅僅是一個人。
聯想拓展
“more than+ adj.”意為“很;非常”。
在“more ... than ...”中，肯定“more”后面的，而否定“than”后面的，意為“是……而不是……”或者“與其……不如……”。
“more than ... can/could”是英語里的一個常見結構，可把more than理解為not,表示否定，該結構意為“非……所能……;是……所不能……;不是……所能……”。
more often than not 經常;往往
In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.
做科學實驗時，對待儀器必須非常小心才行。
If you tell your father what you have done, he will be more than a little angry.
如果你把所做的事情告訴你父親，他會非常生氣的。
Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.
(責任編輯：康彥林)
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