表示“這個(gè)”，“那個(gè)”，“這些”，“那些”等意思的代詞叫做指示代詞。指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式

1、指示代詞用法：

(1) 作主語(yǔ)：

This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。

This is what I want to emphasize. 這就是我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的。

This is a chair. 這是一把椅子。

That is Linda's book. 這是琳達(dá)的書(shū)。

Whose pens are those? 那些是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。

(2) 作賓語(yǔ)：

We should always keep this in mind. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)常記住這一點(diǎn)。

I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。

Have you read this? 你讀過(guò)這個(gè)嗎？

I like these but she likes those. 我喜歡這些，而她喜歡那些。

(3) 作表語(yǔ)：

My point is this. 我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。

Her plan is this. 她的計(jì)劃是這樣的。

His worries are those. 他的煩惱就是那些。

(4) 作定語(yǔ)：

You can't swim at this time of the year. 你不能在這個(gè)時(shí)候游泳。

I don't like that man. 我不喜歡那個(gè)人。

We must get to know these tricks of theirs. 我們必須懂得他們這一套鬼花招。

2、指示代詞的用法區(qū)別

(1) this和these一般指在空間和時(shí)間上較近的事物，that和those一般指在空間和時(shí)間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。

例：This is a map of China and that is a map of the world。

這是一張中國(guó)地圖，那是一張世界地圖。

Please come this way. We'll go in by that door. 請(qǐng)這邊走，我們從那扇門(mén)進(jìn)去。

In those year they led a hard life. 在那些歲月里，他們生活得很艱難

2) this和these常指后面將要講到的事物，有啟下的作用，that和those常指前面已經(jīng)講到過(guò)的事物，起承上的作用。

例：I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我將對(duì)你說(shuō)這一點(diǎn)：他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。

He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了，那就是他沒(méi)來(lái)的原因。

He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃，那花費(fèi)了他5美元。