寫作中的翻譯法 （周固）

這些句子摘自大學英語課本，都是很好的寫作操練材料，對考生的作文詞句規范化很有幫助。反復分析句子結構和詞匯詞語，然后通過漢譯英的反復的回譯操練，直至以后英語寫作中想到相關漢語就能出現對應英語表達的程度。

1． Do you often go online chatting with strangers? Everyday, millions of people, especially the young, are online chatting with friends or with strangers. 你經常上網閑聊嗎？每天有數百萬人，尤其年輕人，在網上與網友或陌生人聊天。


2． The successful launch and return of the manned spacecraft Shenzhou IV is deemed both a symbol of national prestige and a sign of advanced science and technology, which will definitely contribute to the economic growth of our country. 載人航天飛機神州五號的成功發射及返回既是國家榮譽的一個象征，也是先進的科技能力的標志，這對我國的經濟發展無疑會產生促進作用。


3． We all know that China is still a developing country and its education still lags behind that of developed countries. Many young Chinese are denied chances of receiving higher education because of insufficient educational facilities. 我們都知道，中國還是一個發展中的國家，其教育水平仍然落后于發達國家。不少中國年青人由于教育設施的匱乏而得不到接受高等教育的機會。


4． They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, they won many victories, which led them to believe that anything was possible and that nothing could stand in their way. But Russia’s icy defender proved them wrong. 人道是驕兵必敗。就拿拿破侖和希特勒（Napoleon and Hitler）來說吧，他們所想披靡，便以為自己戰無不勝，不可阻擋。但俄羅斯的冰雪戰士證明他們錯了。


5． Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to make sufficient preparations while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has prepared adequately clearly makes a difference in (affects) his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning around 100 thousand dollars a year in a computer software company. He told me that, from his own experience, those who can decide whether an applicant could be employed prefer people who are well prepared. 常言道，好的開端是成功的一半。在求職時，求職者事先做好充分的準備是非常重要的。我認為，事先做不做準備常常會影響求職者的成功機會。我有一個朋友在一家計算機軟件公司供職，年薪十萬美元左右。他根據自己的經歷告訴我說，那些對未來雇員具有錄用決定權的人喜歡有充分準備的人。


6． I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points. First, extensive reading should be taken as a priority in the learning process, because it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. With an enormous store of excellent essays in our heads, we will find it much easier to express ourselves in English. Finally, it is critical that we should put what we have learnt into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speaking, we will be able to accomplish the task of perfecting our English. 我認為總結一下學習英語的經驗是值得一試的。這里，我想談談三個相關的問題。首先，大量閱讀應被視作學習過程中的重點，因為我們是通過閱讀獲取比較大量語言輸入的。其次，盡可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。大腦中儲存了大量很好的文章，我們在用英語表達自己思想的時候，就會覺得容易多了。比較后，我們應把所學到的東西用到實踐中去，這是至關重要的。通過多讀、多寫、多聽、多說，我們就能完成提高英語水平的任務。


7． Is America going to decline like other great powers (nations) in history ? The author thinks not, arguing that the type of society created in America is quite unlike any that has gone before it. Read what he has to say and see whether you agree. 美國是否會如同歷史上其他強國一樣走向衰亡？作者持否定態度，認為美國創建的社會模式不同于任何已出現的社會模式。讀一讀他的觀點，看看你是否同意。


8． More than a decade ago, the mobile phone was a luxury for only a few, but now it is very common. The rapid spread of the mobile phone is perhaps one of the great miracles of our time. 十幾年前，手機只是少數人才能使用的奢侈品，但現在手機已很普遍。手機的快速普及也許是我們時代的偉大奇跡之一。


9． Some people seem easy to understand：their character appears obvious on first meeting. Appearances, however, can be deceptive. For thirty years now I have been studying my fellowmen. I don’t know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people, the more they puzzle me. 有些人似乎容易了解：他們的個性在初次交往時就表露無遺。然而，外表可能具有欺騙性。三十年來，我一直在研究我的人類同胞，但至今了解不多。每當有人跟我說他對一個人的首次印象向來不錯的時候，我就聳聳肩。我想這種人不是無知，就是自大。就我而言，我覺得，認識一個人的時間越長，就越覺得困惑。(be ignorant or self-righteous；self-centered; self-confident; self-discipline; self-educated; self-employed; self-esteem; selfish)


10． As the pace of life in today’s world grows ever faster, we seem forever on the go. With so much to do and so little time to do it in, how are we to cope? Dr. Smith sets about untangling the problem and comes up with an answer. 隨著當今世界生活節奏日益加快，我們似乎一直在不停奔忙。事情那么多，時間卻那么少，我們該怎么辦？史密斯博士著手解決這一問題，并提出了解決方法。


11． In America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life. 在美國，不少人對鄉村生活懷有浪漫的想象，許多居住在城鎮的人夢想著自己辦個農場，夢想著靠土地為生。很少有人真去把夢想變為現實。或許這也沒有什么不好，因為，正如吉姆多而第當初開始其寫作和農場經營雙重生涯時所體驗到的那樣，農耕生活遠非輕松自在。但他寫到，自己并不后悔，對自己做出的改變生活方式的決定仍然熱情不減。


12． Professor Huntington’s paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role. He argues that in a plural society we must stress/attach importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and look at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed. I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization. Huntington教授的論文使我深受啟發。他認為，在一個多元化(plural)社會里，不同意見是不可避免的。關鍵在于怎樣正確對待不同意見，使之發揮建設性、而非破壞性的作用。他還說，在一個多元化（plural）社會里，我們必須重視人際關系，強調合作，多從他人視角考慮問題。如果某些群體自視高人一籌，不尊重其他種族或宗教，那么整個社會有可能陷入癱瘓。我相信，要是我們把上述想法付諸實踐，那我們就有可能創造出一種新的文明。


13． Making a living as a door-to-door salesman demands a thick skin, both to protect against the weather and against constantly having the door shut in your face. Bill Porter puts up with all this and much, much more. 干挨家挨戶上門推銷這一營生得臉皮厚，這是因為干這一行不僅要經受風吹日曬，還要承受一次又一次的閉門羹。比爾.波特忍受著這一切，以及別的種種折磨。


14． When children take up ways of making a living that differ greatly from their parents, differences in outlook can easily arise. This is what Alfred found. Brought up in the family of a building worker, education led him to develop different interests and ambitions from his father. Here he writes about how this affected their relationship. 當子女的謀生方式與父母大相徑庭時，很容易產生觀念上的差異。這正是Alfred的發現。他在一個建筑工人的家庭里長大，他所受的教育使他產生了不同于父親的興趣和抱負。他在本文中敘述了這一差異如何影響著他們的父子關系。