上課的時候強調過的，如果同學們對寫作一頭霧水，首先要訓練的兩項內功和意識就是有關觀點和現象，或者說表象和實質，或者說是具體和抽象，或者說是演繹和歸納，或者說色和空。今天我們著重鍛煉這個層面中的一個——各種觀點的表達。

　　【認知】

　　今天我們的選段來自于2011年考研英語第四篇閱讀理解的第一段。大愛這一篇文章的寫法，不過由于時間關系，我們還是只呈現其中一段好了。

　　It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”

　　由于整個系列的要求，選段的難度和博文的難度也在不斷提升。在面對大量信息需要消化的時候，我們所需要做的首先是化整為零，然后做分類。大家可以結合閱讀老師上課教授的技巧進行練習。

　　【解析】

　　昨天講過，在分解的過程當中，我們首先考慮的是大處著眼，從宏觀到微觀，所以在分析段落的過程當中，我們首先能看到的是段落當中的一些關鍵字。何為關鍵字?簡而言之，就是你能看懂并且認為重要的字。如果你仍然認為干擾太多，結構太復雜，就去尋找這個文章和段落的觀點以及立場。

　　It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”

　　(一)

　　第一句話里面it is no surprise只是作為一個語氣類的引入，對句子的正負沒有任何影響。于是主干出現了cover story is arousing much chatter。后面的破折號一般表示解釋，所以可以暫時不看。大概意思大家應該明白，就是引起了討論，只是chatter在這里不是那么正面的色彩，所以翻譯成“口水仗”。綠色的rather than后面可以略過，看逗號后紅色的部分，我們大概明白了這個story的作者的態度--我們應該重新定義幸福或快樂。冒號后面是解釋，可以暫時不看。如果硬要看，可以看紅色的部分�？吹紼ven though，知道重點在后面，于是挑出主干，紅色的部分大家可以嘗試閱讀。

　　整個段落的大致結構已經出現：

　　1 故事引發討論+解釋

　　2 反觀點+正觀點(注意：這里不是羅列反觀點，而是用反觀點襯托作者Senior的正觀點)

　　3 進一步細化反觀點的襯托+進一步細化正觀點

　　這個是正反觀點的一種寫法變體，大家好好模仿吧。懇請各位同學不要再寫some people believe...others believe...I believe...了……求你們了!中國爛模板害死人不償命啊!

　　(二)

　　我們來看看具體的句子，結合我們前面所提到的相關句型仿寫的寫法，我們逐一分析。

　　It is no surprising that xx is arousing much chatter.

　　除了用it is no surprsing that...后面接一個觀點或者現象，還可以用it is not uncommong/unusual等相關的寫法。這個句子比較簡單，所以不贅述了。

　　nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.

　　我們看到另一種表達比較高級的方式，如同nobody moved so fast like he did. 大家很容易看出來，意思就是he moved faster than anyone else. 所以這個句子中the suggestion加上后面的同位語從句，成了使得大家熱烈討論的導火線。用這樣的方式寫句子，除了更好的表達比較高級，還可以在結尾的名詞處多出一個同位語從句，一舉兩得的。

　　在看句子里面，A is anything less than B，如果不熟悉anything less than就是by no means或者not at all的意思，我們可以推理出，anything就是任何事物，less than是小于號，也就是傾其所有也達不到的感覺，自然是否定的。順便提一下，兩個形容詞修飾名詞的情況，這個上課講過，但是這里，出現了副詞修飾形容詞A，加上合成形容詞B的方法。如果暫時學不會，可以不用勉強。

　　Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness

　　rather than doing A, 加上主句。這個仿寫比較容易，注意一下suggest和前文的suggestion，都是揭示，暗示的意思，具體的原因可以通過后面句子的時態看出。

　　instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition

　　再次強調，instead of 不要理解為“代替”，求你們了，它的本質含義就和rather than類似，理解成“而不是”。可憐的同學們肯定是因為背了單詞書的英文和中文直接對應，忽略了它的語境，再次大聲疾呼，一個詞匯和短語的意思要在句子中才能體現出真正含義啊!!對了，注意Instead of doing A，后年有定語從句，這樣也就不會和前面的rather than顯得重復。這就是有變化的重復的另外一種變體，絕對不是只把important換成significant那么簡單。

　　Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”

　　簡單的讓步狀語從句，即使……也……稍微注意一下那個hard前面的合成副詞，大家應該還記得我上課說過，能把副詞用到極致的人，是高手，這里的soul-crushingly hard就是很好的例證，不過我忍不住問一句，為什么這里的hard不變成difficult呢?

　　【應用】

　　我們來簡單做一個個句子的仿寫。

　　It is no surprising that xx is arousing much chatter.

　　比較近高鐵出事比較多，it is no suprsing that the breakdown of the High Speed Train is arousing much chatter.

　　nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.

　　飛機誤點，火車遇到泥石流，大巴事故，私家車堵車等各種交通工具的話題都沒有這一次讓大家討論得那么熱烈，坐高鐵的人你傷不起啊!(此處省略各種尼瑪有木有坑爹等一萬字)。nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that High Speed Train jouney is anything less than a completely exicitng and joy-drilling experience.

　　Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness

　　平常的討論局限于利弊之爭(中國人寫文章的時候很容易作出利大于弊或者弊大于利的大討論，似乎所有的利弊都可以衡量一樣)，這次人們沒有這么做，逐漸變得客觀理性的人們覺得我們應該重新開始考慮問題的根源。Rather than following the traditional debate upon the advantages and disvantages upon taking the train(也可以用pros and cons)，people with greater ration tend to suggest that we need to reconsider the root of all these problems.

　　instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition

　　如果高鐵一出故障大家都不坐高鐵了，那和誰會嗆到，人們就不喝水了?我們比較常見的問題就是當我們擁有解決方法A的時候，我們總會說，因為它會帶來B，所以它不好。我就奇怪了，解決方法A生下來就不是為了解決問題B的，它比較多用來解決問題A，為什么非要它如此完美后，大家才能接受呢，如果出現了問題B，而解決方案A又是必須實行的，那我們就做一個解決方法B來解決問題B好了。舊問題解決了，新問題自然會出來，但是因為新問題會出來而放棄解決舊問題，我們什么也做不了。所以，不要把任何一種全新的交通工具定義為提供完美旅程的渠道，我們要考慮的是如何可以讓它變得更好。Instead of thinking of the newly built train as something that can provided us with perfection, we should consider making it a step closer to betterment.

　　Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.

　　即使某個高鐵故障讓人心驚膽寒，問題的關鍵也絕對不是停止高鐵項目，而充其量是增強質量檢測和控制。Even though the vivid experience of taking the high speed train can be soul-crushingly unpleasant, the very things that in the moment call for our serious discussion should be the quallity control, rather than the prohibition of the entire programme.

　　【變通】

　　上課的方法是，大家在學習了新的東西后，宏觀上可以隨便挑選考研真題或者任何預測題目來進行驗證，微觀上可以通過報數字的方式，隨機選擇指定句型，表達相關的含義和內容。但是，無數次課堂嘗試證明，很多同學很難就一個問題發表出中文的觀點，成句成篇自然是非常煎熬的過程。希望大家好好按照我第一節課講過的方法，通過流水線搭建自己的思想結構，盡快地熟悉作文入手的基本套路。再出今天的題目之前，我再次強調“像我者死，學我者生”這句古訓，翻譯過來的意思就是，用模板者死，用模式者生。今天的題目是“樂觀與悲觀”，大家可以試試看。