2012考研報道：考后首發(fā)2012年考研真題及答案解析

　　根據2012年考研英語新大綱的要求，明年將繼續(xù)延續(xù)今年的考試大綱要求�？季V中所說明的閱讀六點技能要求沒有變化，但是其中一條，“理解作者的意圖、觀點或態(tài)度”，考研英語(二)又具有自身的考題特點，提醒廣大的2012年的考生需注意以下三個原則。

　　(1)客觀理性原則

　　某一事物是好是壞，作者對它是支持、反對還是中立，態(tài)度一般都非常明確。問作者對某事物的態(tài)度時，表示“客觀”的詞多為正確選項。另外考試所選文章通常是理性的說明和論證，具有較強的邏輯性，作者對于所討論話題的態(tài)度不會是及其偏激的。先好后壞，或先壞后好。

　　問作者對某事物的態(tài)度時，表示客觀的詞多為正確選項，如objective, impartial, unbiased等;問作者對其提到的人們的觀點的態(tài)度時，答案只能是肯定或否定，支持或反對。如critical, approval, opposition, supporting等。

　　(2)關注責任原則

　　既然寫了文章，那么作者的態(tài)度就不可能漠不關心，因此見到indifferent, uninterested這類詞可以首先排除。而成為正確選項的比較安全選項是concerned。這類題目抓住基本特征，是屬于必得的分數。一般帶有絕對化或表示過于強烈的態(tài)度的詞必錯，如strong, complete, entire, enthusiastic等。而有所保留的態(tài)度比較客觀，因此常常是正確選項，如：reserved(保留的), qualified(有限制的，有條件的)等。

　　(3)主旨相關原則

　　作者觀點一般與文章主旨相關聯(lián)。

　　真題示例：

　　Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

　　“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hand instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”

　　The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

　　If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

　　A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

　　“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to make new products commercially viable.”

　　Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

　　35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is .

　　[A] indifferent [B] negative [C] positive [D] biased

　　分析：根據關注責任原則，首先排除A、D選項。A選項Indifferent必然不會成為答案的中性詞。類似的詞還有suspicious， questionable， puzzled， neutral， uninterested， impersonal， detached， factual， impassive， ambivalent， partial， prejudiced， confused， perplexed。D選項Biased是必然不會成為答案的貶義詞。

　　根據客觀理性原則，可以成為正確答案的，有褒義含義的中性詞，如Objective， impartial， surprised， amazed， supporting等;以及褒義詞和貶義詞，如pessimistic， disapproved， critical， skeptical，dubiously等往往是正確答案。

　　根據題干信號詞advertisement on people’s habits可回文定位到第四段尾句和尾段首句兩處，鑒于主觀態(tài)度題的思路是關注出處信息的主觀評論詞，所以考生在這兩個句子中應鎖定shrewd (狡猾的，精明的)和ruthless(無情的，無休止的)兩個形容詞，因此作者態(tài)度是negative，選B。

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