1. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all.

【譯文】這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應這樣對待動物：要么像對人類自身一樣關切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。

【析句】主句是It leads the discussion to extremes，at the outset作時間狀語。冒號后面的成分是對主句進一步說明，其賓語是一個that引導的從句，而在這個從句中，either…or…是一個介詞短語，作方式狀語。

【講詞】consideration意為“體諒,考慮；需要考慮的事項”。Your proposal is under consideration.（你的提議正在考慮之中。）Face is a big consideration for  Chinese.(中國人非常重面子。）He showed no consideration for his wife.（他從不體諒他的妻子。）

extend意為“延伸；延長；擴大；給予”。The bank has promised to extend your company credit.（銀行已經答應向你們公司提供信用貸款。）The wet weather extended into September.（潮濕陰雨的天氣延續到九月份。）Please accept our sincere thanks for the courtesy extended to our company.（對我們一行所受到的禮遇，我們由衷表示謝意。）

2. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in  every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the  area of moral choice.

【譯文】 這類極端主義者認為人與動物在各相關方面都不相同，對待動物無須考慮道德問題。

【析句】 現在分詞結構（Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect）作狀語，主干結構是extremists of this kind  think，賓語是一個從句。

animals lie outside the area of moral choice直譯是“動物是在道德選擇的范疇之外”，即“對待動物無須考慮道德問題”。

【講詞】 respect作名詞時除了“尊重”之外，還可表示“方面”，例如：In many respects this is an important decision.（這在許多方面都是一項重要的決定。）In  this respect,I would argue that this is the only decision which could have been made.（從這一方面來說，我認為這是唯一可作的決定。）