考研英語(yǔ)寫作的題材與我們?nèi)粘Ｉ�活息息相關(guān)，通常涉及事物間的比較，說明其相似性和相異性、事物之間的因果關(guān)系，有時(shí)要求考生分析事實(shí)，找出原因或解決問題的方法，或?qū)σ粋�(gè)問題提出個(gè)人看法等，所以，考生在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，要盡可能熟悉和掌握表達(dá)這些關(guān)系的常用句型：

　　(1)相似性

　　A is to B what / as C is to D (A 之于B猶如C之于D)

　　e. g. Moral corruption is to the State as physical disease is to an individual body.

　　Classic music is to my generation what pops are to her generation.

　　Just as…， so…(正如……，……也如此)

　　e. g. Just as woods are indispensable to birds ， so is the earth to human beings.

　　Just as they must put aside their prejudices， so we must be prepared to accept their good faith.

　　A and B have something in common (A和B有共同之處)

　　e. g. As human beings， the American and Chinese have lots of things in common.

　　Tom and I have background in common.

　　A is similar to B(A與B相似)

　　e. g. My hobby is similar to his in that we both like collecting records， foreign and domestic.

　　My problems are very similar to yours.

　　The same is true of…/ The same can be said of… (……也是如此)

　　e. g. As the economies of all countries are closely interrelated no country can develop in self seclusion. The same is true of China.

　　(2) 相異性

　　A is just the opposite (to B)(A和B正相反)

　　e. g. Beijing is populous and crowded， while Canberra is just the opposite.

　　A differs (is different) from B in that…(A不同于B在于……)

　　e. g. China’s condition differs from ours in that China has the largest population in the world.

　　The family sedans made in China are different from/ than those made by the Americans. They are more compact and energy saving.

　　…(The case) is not the same (……是不相同的)

　　e. g. While it may be true that basketball and volleyball share certain features， the excitement each arouses in the spectators is not the same.

　　The development zones in the eastern coastal areas are mostly initiated and supported by governments， but the case is not the same with those in the west.

　　Contrary to (On the contrary)… (正相反)

　　e. g. Contrary to our estimation， the economic situation of the country is gradually getting better.

　　They asked me if I had finished the job. On the contrary， I have only just begun.

　　(3)權(quán)衡

　　The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. (利大于弊)

　　e. g. It seems safe to say that the advantages of marriage outweigh the disadvantages of divorce.

　　As is shown by the arguments， the drawbacks of cloning technology outweigh its promising advances.

　　Nothing can rival…/ There is no rival to… (……是無與倫比的)

　　e. g. Perhaps nothing can rival the pleasure from reading.

　　There was no rival to him as a poet.

　　…has drawbacks as well as merits (……既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也有不足)

　　e. g. There could be no doubt that job-hopping has its drawbacks as well as merits.

　　A is superior to B (A優(yōu)于B)

　　e. g. Men may be superior to women in physical affairs. Yet， there is no difference in intelligence.

　　The computer is vastly superior to the book.

　　…vary from person to person (……是因人而異的)

　　e. g. People’s attitude towards drugs varies from person to person.

　　The picture varied in detail from place to place.

　　(4) 過渡句型

　　a. 承上啟下，使新觀點(diǎn)不致顯得過于突兀、武斷

　　It is true that most jobs are a series of more or less unpleasant chores， but it doesn’t follow that that’s all they are.

　　That is true， no doubt， but it is not his whole story by any means.

　　It is fairly well known that Vitamin C is indispensable to health. But it is probably less well known that taking it excessively may do harm to the human body.

　　This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.

　　b.引用圖表內(nèi)容時(shí)的過渡句型。圖表作文經(jīng)常使用as 從句做解釋性描述的過渡。

　　As is revealed in the graph， …

　　As the survey results show， …

　　As we could find out later in this unit， his plan was not quite as he had expected.

　　This table provides several important points of comparison between the two universities. As can be indicated in the table， the housing space for the staff of A in 1995 was 34 500 square meters， which nearly doubled the B’s corresponding figure.

　　(5)描寫曲線走勢(shì)的常用句型。曲線的走勢(shì)可用上升、下降、保持平穩(wěn)、有所波動(dòng)等用語(yǔ)來描述：

　　Before 1970 the birth rate remained level. Then in 1970 it fell till it reached 30 per thousand.

　　The birth rate in this region rocketed to the highest peak in 1963.

　　Although prices fluctuated between 1962 and 1972， overall the trend was downward.

　　The economy went up and down in a zigzag way.

　　After a steady decline for a whole decade the country’s fertility rate shows signs of leveling off.

　　(6)描述圖表常用的概括性句型

　　這種句子通常用于文章或段落的開頭和結(jié)尾：

　　This table provides several interesting points of comparison between A and B.

　　The two graphs depict the same thing seen in two different ways. The first diagram simply records… The second graph throws a new light on…

　　The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows：…

　　If drivers continue to drive more carefully and further strengthen their sense of safety， the rate of accidents can be expected to decline even more dramatically in the year 1991.

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